KPV

KPV is a tripeptide (lysine-proline-valine) that corresponds to the C-terminal fragment of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). Although much smaller than the parent hormone, KPV retains many of the anti-inflammatory properties attributed to α-MSH while lacking its pigmentary effects. Research interest focuses on KPV's ability to modulate inflammatory signaling in immune cells and epithelial tissues.

KPV has been shown in preclinical work to enter cells and interfere with pro-inflammatory transcriptional programs, including NF-κB signaling. It appears to reduce production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and to influence immune-cell activation without acting primarily through melanocortin receptor pigmentation pathways. Studies examine both systemic and topical exposure, as well as oral formulations investigated in models of gastrointestinal inflammation.

• Gastrointestinal inflammation models, including colitis-related research.
• Skin and mucosal inflammation and epithelial barrier signaling.
• Innate immune cell activation and cytokine production.
• Comparative studies of KPV versus full-length α-MSH activity.
• Antimicrobial and immune-modulatory activity in preclinical models.

• Brzoska T et al. α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone and related tripeptides: biochemistry, antiinflammatory and protective effects in vitro and in vivo. Endocrine Reviews, 2008.
• Dalmasso G et al. PepT1-mediated tripeptide KPV uptake reduces intestinal inflammation. Gastroenterology, 2008.
• Kannengiesser K et al. Melanocortin-derived tripeptide KPV has anti-inflammatory potential in murine models of inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 2008.